What are carbohydrates?

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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates is a family of organic molecules  (hydrates of carbon) with the general molecular formula  (CH2O)x, ranging from simple sugars such as glucose and fructose to complex molecules such as starch and cellulose. All complex carbohydrates are built up from simple unit called monosaccharide which can not be hydrolysed to simpler structure.
The types of carbohydrates are described in detailed under their own heading.


Name
Type
Structure
Location
Glucose
Reducing monosacch
C6H12O6 (hexose)
Sweet fruits
Fructose
Reducing monosacch
C6H12O6 (hexose)
Honey, fruits juice
Lactose
Reducing disacch
Glucose +galactose
Milk
Maltose
Reducing disacch
Glucose +glucose
Germinating grains
Sucrose
Non-R disacch
Glucose +fructose
Sugar cane
Starch
Polysaccharides
Repeated glucose unit (linear )
Potato tuber
Glycogen
Non-R polysacch
Repeated glucose unit  (branched)
Liver
Cellulose
Non-R polysacch
Repeated glucose unit(linear)
Cell wall
Ribose
Reducing monosacch
C5H10O5 (pentose)
RNA
Deoxyribose
Reducing monosacch
C5H10O5 (pentose)
DNA

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